The Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus)
Presentation:
The Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) is one of the most elegant and iconic waterbirds in the world. With its long legs, pink plumage, and graceful neck, this species captures the attention of any observer. Although primarily associated with warm regions of southern Europe, Africa, and Asia, flamingos have recently started appearing in Romania, particularly in Dobrogea. In recent decades, their presence has become increasingly consistent, and since 2021, clear evidence confirms that they have begun nesting in Romania.
Description:
Romanian Name: Flamingo roz
English Name: Greater Flamingo
Scientific Name: Phoenicopterus roseus
Size: Length: 110-150 cm | Wingspan: 140-165 cm
Weight: 2-4 kg
Lifespan: Up to 40 years in the wild
Presence in Romania: Sporadic, with recently confirmed nesting
Frequency: Rare but increasing
Status: Protected species
Characteristics:
The Greater Flamingo is a large bird with an elegant body, a long and slender neck, and extremely long legs. Its plumage is predominantly pale pink, with more intense shades on the wings and black wingtips. The beak is thick, downward-curved, and pink with a black tip. The legs are long, thin, and bright pink, perfectly adapted for moving through shallow waters.
Habitat and Distribution:
The Greater Flamingo is typically found in wetland areas, favoring salt lagoons, alkaline lakes, and estuaries. It is distributed across southern Europe, northern and eastern Africa, and southern and western Asia. The largest colonies are found in Spain, France, Turkey, and the Persian Gulf region.
Distribution in Romania:
Until recently, the Greater Flamingo was considered an accidental visitor in Romania. Sporadic sightings were recorded over the decades in Dobrogea, particularly in the Danube Delta and along the Black Sea coast. Since 2020, the number of observed individuals has increased, and in 2021, the first breeding colony was confirmed on a lake in Dobrogea.
History:
The Greater Flamingo has been recorded in Romania since the 19th century, but only in very small numbers. In Dobrogea, their presence was occasional, with stray individuals sporadically observed in various wetlands. In the 1950s-1960s, the species was rarely seen, but in recent decades, due to climate change and habitat improvements, sightings have increased. The most significant event was the confirmation of nesting in Romania in 2021, a milestone for the country’s birdlife.
Behavior:
Flamingos are highly social birds, forming large colonies for feeding and nesting. They feed by filtering water with their specialized beaks, consuming crustaceans, algae, and small invertebrates, which give them their characteristic pink color. Their courtship ritual is spectacular, involving synchronized group displays and specific calls.
During the breeding season, the female lays a single egg, which both parents incubate for about a month.
Conservation Status and Threats:
The Greater Flamingo is classified as Least Concern (LC) globally, but local populations face threats such as habitat loss, pollution, and human disturbances. In Romania, the main threat is the destruction of wetlands and uncontrolled tourism. Agricultural and industrial activities can also impact water quality and food availability for these birds.
Another significant threat comes from certain photographers who call themselves “nature photographers”—some even considering themselves famous—who relentlessly chase and disturb the birds until they abandon their nesting sites.
Are there any monitoring and protection programs for flamingos in Romania?
Currently, there is no dedicated program exclusively for flamingos, but bird conservation organizations such as SOR (Romanian Ornithological Society) monitor their populations and habitats. Protected areas in Dobrogea, such as the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, provide legal protection for species like the flamingo.
How can locals and tourists help protect these birds?
By respecting protected areas, avoiding disturbances during the breeding season, and reporting any harmful activities to authorities or environmental NGOs. Promoting ecotourism and educating the public about the importance of these birds also contribute to their conservation.
What are the behavioral differences between flamingo colonies in Romania and those in other countries?
In Romania, colonies are smaller and more vulnerable to external factors compared to well-established populations in Spain or France. Romanian flamingos are more susceptible to human disturbance and may easily abandon nesting sites if harassed. Their feeding behavior can also vary depending on the available habitats.
Where can flamingos be observed in Romania?
The best chances of seeing flamingos in Romania are in the Danube Delta, in areas such as Melea Sacalin, Grindul Chituc, and the coastal lakes of Dobrogea. It is recommended to use binoculars or telephoto lenses to avoid disturbing the birds.
Responsible Flamingo Watching:
To protect these delicate birds, it is essential to observe them without causing stress:
Keep your distance: Avoid getting too close; use binoculars or telephoto lenses.
Avoid using drones: The noise and presence of drones stress the birds.
Respect their habitat: Do not interfere with nesting areas and avoid loud noises.
Fun Facts:
Flamingo chicks are initially gray, and their pink color develops over time due to their carotenoid-rich diet.
Flamingos can stand on one leg for long periods, reducing heat loss.
Large flamingo colonies can number in the tens of thousands.
Conclusions:
The Greater Flamingo is one of the most spectacular bird species that have started establishing a presence in Romania. The increasing number of individuals and the first confirmed case of nesting represent a remarkable event for the country’s biodiversity. Protecting their habitats and ensuring responsible behavior from tourists and locals are essential to maintaining these magnificent birds in the Dobrogea landscape.