White-winged Tern (Chlidonias leucopterus)

General Overview:

The White-winged Tern (Chlidonias leucopterus) is an elegant aquatic bird species from the Laridae family. It is recognized for its agile flight and frequent presence in wetlands, where it hunts insects above the water. This migratory species has a wide distribution range across Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Description:

  • Romanian name: Chirighița cu aripi albe

  • English name: White-winged Tern

  • Scientific name: Chlidonias leucopterus

  • Size: Length: 20-25 cm

  • Weight: 55-70 g

  • Wingspan: 55-65 cm

  • Lifespan: Up to 10 years

  • Presence in Romania: Migratory passage species and summer visitor

  • Frequency: Relatively common in wetland areas

  • Status: Least Concern (LC)

Characteristics:

The White-winged Tern is distinguished from other tern species by its striking contrast in breeding plumage. Adults have intense black plumage on the head, chest, and abdomen, while the back is dark gray to black, and the wings are light gray to white. In winter, the plumage becomes predominantly white, with gray wings.

Habitat and Distribution:

This bird favors wetlands, lakes with floating vegetation, deltas, marshes, and lagoons. It predominantly feeds on insects, larvae, and small crustaceans, which it catches in flight above still waters.

Distribution in Romania:

It is mainly found in the Danube Delta and the floodplains of large rivers, where it locates suitable habitats for feeding and nesting. It usually appears in flocks, especially during migration, when it can be observed in large numbers.

Behavior:

The White-winged Tern is a social species, living in mixed colonies alongside other terns and gulls. It is an agile hunter, capturing insects in flight and patrolling at low altitude above the water. It nests on floating vegetation, often in small groups.

Conservation Status and Threats:

Although not considered a globally threatened species, the White-winged Tern faces habitat loss due to wetland drainage, pollution, and climate change. Protecting wetlands and maintaining natural habitats are essential for its conservation.

Interesting Facts:

  • Unlike gulls, terns do not fish but feed on flying insects.

  • White-winged Tern chicks are well camouflaged on floating vegetation due to their mottled brown coloration.

  • It is one of the few species that nests on floating vegetation islands, alongside little bitterns.

Conclusion:

The White-winged Tern is a fascinating species, essential for wetland ecosystems, where it helps control insect populations. Observing this bird in its natural habitat offers an unforgettable experience for nature lovers and birdwatching enthusiasts.

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